Cracking decane to produce pentane and 2-penteneĭodecene, C 12H 24, is obtained from the catalytic cracking of Cracking normal heptane to produce propane and 1-buteneĬ. Cracking propane to yield propene and hydrogenī. Then, write and draw the structural formula of eachĪ. Gas may also be a product of the cracking process.įor each of the equations, refer to the web sites referencedīelow. Into smaller hydrocarbons that have lower boiling points. Involves complex reactions that covert large complex hydrocarbons Steam cracking isĪ method that involves the use of high temperature steam toīreak smaller alkanes and form alkenes. High pressures to break the bonds in these larger moleculesįorming smaller more usable hydrocarbons. When heavy crudes are heated to high temperatures often under Common catalysts are zeolite,īauxite, aluminum hydrosilicate and silica-alumina. Catalysts are used to speed up the cracking Is accomplished by different methods in the cracking unit ofĪ petroleum refinery. More valuable and useful hydrocarbons to the consumer. Process of cracking hydrocarbons was developed in 1913 to provide These unused fractions are cycled through a cracking unit to break them down into more useful components. Heavy crudes include many large molecules that are unused. Fractional distillation is used to separate the light crudes, small molecules with low carbon-hydrogen ratios, from heavy crudes. Modern refineries wash crude oil with water to remove impurities such as salt.
The demand for kerosene decreased, while the need for gasoline and diesel fuel increased. For 30 years kerosene was the most important petroleum product, but the invention of both the light bulb and the internal combustion engine changed the direction of refineries.
The first refinery opened in 1861 producing kerosene, a fuel that replaced whale oil in oil lamps. To obtain the greatest number of useful components, crude oil must be refined. Edward Drake in Titusville, Pennsylvania.Ĭrude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons classified by the carbon-hydrogen ratio. Crude oil is found in many areas of the world and was successfully drilled from the earth in 1859 by Col. In North American, Native Americans used crude oil as body paint and fuel for ceremonial fires. Bitumen, thick black oil, was used in Mesopotamia to caulk ships and set stones in jewelry. The Egyptians used pitch, a tar residue, to seal pyramids and coat mummies, while ancient Babylonians used pitch to pave their roads and hold building stones together. Petroleum has been used by many different civilizations throughout history. Organic Chemistry Problem of the Week (0.0K) Chemistry Concepts and Applications Chapter 18:
0 kommentar(er)
